They are in their mid-60s now -- about the average age of a Supreme Court
justice.
In 1969, at a seedy Greenwich Village bar called the Stonewall Inn, they were
rebellious gays and lesbians who lit a fuse that has burned ever since -- and is
about to reach the nation's highest court.
Then, it was a battle for basic human dignity -- the right to gather in public
without being harassed. Today, it's a battle for perhaps the last major right
still denied: marriage.
Over two days next week, the Supreme Court will consider whether states can deny
that right and, where it is granted, if federal benefits can be withheld. For
veterans of the Stonewall riots, those debates and the rulings to follow in June
could complete a journey begun 44 years ago.
"The idea of marriage wasn't even in sight" in June 1969, says Martin Boyce, 64,
who was among scores of gay youths who tangled with police over several tense
nights. "The Supremes, to us, were a singing group."
Little did they know that 44 years later, the president of the United States
would mention Stonewall in his inaugural address, equating it with Seneca Falls,
N.Y., and Selma, Ala., respective birthplaces of women's suffrage and racial
equality movements. Nor did they imagine the other "Supremes," the justices
representing the third branch of government, would consider landmark cases that
could redefine marriage from California -- where Proposition 8's gay marriage
ban is challenged -- to New York, where the Defense of Marriage Act is on the
chopping block.
All they wanted at the end of the '60s was to be left alone -- free of organized
crime protection and police raids -- to drink and dance.
"I was forced to meet people in bars that were owned by the Mafia. ... Society
pushed us underground," recalls Danny Garvin. "All I would have told you is that
'I want to get back in the bar and dance.' I wasn't aware of what I didn't
have."
Jerry Hoose and Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt were street kids seeking a good time.
Forty years later, they were at the White House posing for photos with President
Obama and first lady Michelle Obama on the 40th anniversary of Stonewall.
"The riots at Stonewall gave way to protests, and protests gave way to a
movement, and the movement gave way to a transformation that continues to this
day," Obama said then.
Hoose recalls "fighting to end harassment, to get equal rights, basic rights" at
Stonewall and in the months that followed, when the Gay Liberation Front was
formed. "At that time, it was so completely out of even our imaginations,
something like marriage equality," he says.
Two years later, in 1971, Randy Wicker was behind a video camera as gay rights
protesters took over the New York City Marriage Bureau to protest the city
clerk's criticism of their "ceremonies of holy union," held to consecrate
long-term gay and lesbian relationships.
Many in the gay rights movement didn't covet traditional marriage.
"I used to say to people, 'Marriage? I should get married and pay somebody
palimony for the rest of my life?'" Wicker says. "I did not become a gay
activist to become a cookie-cutter copy of a heterosexual."
Yet in 1990, as his partner lay dying of AIDS, Wicker arranged for an Episcopal
priest to "marry" them in his apartment. And today, he acknowledges, "you can't
have an equal society and say some people can do this and some people can't."
Edmund White, 73, a Princeton University professor, author and gay rights
activist who happened upon the Stonewall riots as they raged, is marrying his
partner, Michael Carroll, this spring -- but not because they're huge fans of
marriage. Because they live in New York, which legalized gay marriage in 2011,
they must wed so Carroll can stay on White's health insurance. "Neither of us
ever wanted to be married," White says, but to maintain benefits, the university
insists that "if gays can marry, they must marry."
Hoose says he never would have wanted to get married. Still, he sees marriage
equality as the "last barrier" to full equality. The Supreme Court cases, he
says, are "very scary" because of the justices' conservative tilt. "We're in the
hands of Justice (Anthony) Kennedy," Hoose says, referring to the court's swing
vote.
White worries that conservative justices such as Antonin Scalia and Clarence
Thomas won't rule in favor of gay marriage: "I'm not sure this is the right
court to hear the case. But the fact that it is hearing the case at all seems
astonishing to me."
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News Column
Gay Rights Pioneers Revel in Progress
March 18, 2013
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Source: Copyright USA TODAY 2013
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